Fig. 5

SynaptoZip reveals that ketamine induces a rapid and sustained increase in the activity at mPFC synapses. a Illustration (left) and merged fluorescent image (right) of the mPFC with the sites of GZ expression (green) and SB injection (red; dashed square indicates a typical field for SB uptake analysis; see also Supplementary Figs. 6, 8). b Time flowchart indicating SB delivery, ketamine treatments, and sevoflurane anesthesia (Sevo). c–h GZ expression (c, e, g) and SB uptake (d, f, h) in mPFC layer II–III from control (ctrl; c, d), ketamine (e, f), and 72 h ketamine (g, h) groups. Insets: magnified areas showing synapses. Fluorescence LUTs on the right. i Cumulative distributions of SB uptake from GZ-expressing synapses (N _ctrl = 216, N _ket = 275, N _72hket = 227; p _ctrl-ket < 0.0001, p _ctrl-72hket < 0.0001; p _ket-72hket = 0.35; KS test, B-H correction; same experiments as in c–h). j Population data for normalized SB synaptic uptake from control and ketamine treated groups (N = 6 rats for each condition; p _ctrl-ket < 0.01; p _ctrl-72hket < 0.05; p _ket-72hket = 0.32; two-samples permutation test, B-H correction; see also Supplementary Fig. 12). Scale bars: 100 μm (a), 10 μm (c–h)