Fig. 4

Co-administration of IND-NV with OX at the tumor site augments anti-PDAC immunity. a Local co-administration in KPC tumors established by SC injection in syngeneic mice. Treatment details are provided in the methods section. b KPC tumor growth curve after a single IT injection of the various drugs at a tumor size of 60–80 mm³. OX was injected at 1.25 mg/kg¹⁵. Low (L, 2.5 mg IND/kg) and High (H, 12.5 mg IND/kg) refer to the IND or IND-NV doses. c Representative tumor images from each group after euthanizing the animal on day 31. d IHC depicting CD8 and Foxp3 biomarkers in the collected tumor tissue. A full set of panels of the IHC staining data are shown in Supplementary Fig. 7a–j. e Flow cytometry determination of CD8/Tregs ratio, as described in d. f Flow cytometry analysis to determine CD91 expression in the population of CD45⁺/CD11b⁺/CD11c⁺ cells in the tumor tissue. g IHC to depict CRT and HMGB-1 expression in the collected tumor tissues. The results are expressed as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, (ANOVA). The scale bar is 100 μm