Fig. 1

Visualizing HIV nucleic acids. a vRNA (top panel): TZM-bl cells were infected with HIV-1 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1; at 5 hpi cells were fixed and stained. Prior to RNA labeling, cells were treated with buffer alone, RNase A or DNase I. Probe set 1 or PS-1 was used for vRNA (green); nuclei are DAPI stained and shown in blue throughout the figure. vDNA (bottom panel): Prior to DNA labeling cells were treated with RNase A or RNase H followed by DNase I. Probe set PS-3 was used for vDNA (red). b Simultaneous detection of vRNA and vDNA of incoming virus in the cytoplasm. TZM-bl cells were infected with HIV-1 at an MOI of 1; at 4 hpi cells were fixed and stained for vRNA (PS-2; green), vDNA (PS-3; red), and nuclei (blue). Enlarged image shows co-localization between vRNA and vDNA. Scale bars represent 10 µm