Fig. 5

Multiplex visualization of HIV-1 nucleic acids and protein. a Examples of colocalized vRNA and capsid (CA). TZM-bl cells were infected with HIV-1 at an MOI of 0.2; at 2 hpi cells were fixed and stained for unspliced vRNA (PS-1; green), CA (red) and nuclei (blue). Enlarged images indicate co-localization between genomic vRNA of incoming virus and CA. b Apparent formation of nascent virions. TZM-bl cells were infected with HIV-1 at an MOI of 0.2; at 24 hpi cells were fixed and stained for vRNA (PS-1; green), Gag (red), and nuclei (blue). Arrows indicate putative virions. c Multiplex visualization of transcribed vRNA (PS-2; green) from vDNA (PS-3; red, indicated by white arrows) and of translated Gag (gray). TZM-bl cells were infected with HIV-1 at an MOI of 2; at 30 hpi cells were fixed and stained. d Discordant expression from nuclear vDNA sites. Jurkat cells were infected with HIV-1 at an MOI of 2; at 24 hpi cells were fixed and stained for vRNA (PS-2; green), vDNA (PS-3; red, indicated with white arrows), Gag (gray), and nuclei (blue). Images were captured with an LSM 880 confocal microscope. Scale bars represent 10 µm