Fig. 1

SEM images of LTO electrodes on quartz-crystal surface and their model presentation. a Pristine electrode, b cycled in EC-DMC 1 M LiTFSI, c 1 M LiPF6, and d 1 M LiPF6 + 2% VC solutions (scale bar = 500 nm). e Sketch of velocity profiles for rigid and viscoelastic layers of LTO electrodes in air and f in electrolyte solution. Velocity profile of shear wave crossing the multilayer assembly is exemplified for fundamental frequency and third overtone order