Fig. 3

AFM particle size analysis of CuNPs with ligands 1, 6 and 9 supported on a Si wafer. a–c are respective histograms generated by particle size analysis (using Asylum Research software) for CuNPs capped with ligands 1, 6 and 9. A representative source AFM image for the case of ligand 6, used for particle size analysis, is given in Fig. 2b and AFM images for ligands 1 and 9 are given in Supplementary Fig. 4. Three or four 5 × 5 µm areas of each sample were analysed for this purpose and the standard deviation is given as the ±errors associated with the height measurements