Fig. 5
From: Ingestion of artificial sweeteners leads to caloric frustration memory in Drosophila
NAS pre-feeding devalues caloric sugar. a Pre-feeding flies for 1 min with non-nutritious l-glucose 24 h before olfactory conditioning with the same sugar or the energetic d-glucose induces significantly lower STM scores as compared to controls (F (4,55) = 12.63; p < 0.0001; n ≥ 11; p = 0.999 in post hoc comparison between flies not pre-fed and conditioned with l-glucose and flies not pre-fed and conditioned with d-glucose, p = 0.920 in post hoc comparison between flies not pre-fed and conditioned with l-glucose and flies pre-fed and conditioned with d-glucose, p = 0.829 in post hoc comparison between flies not pre-fed and conditioned with d-glucose and flies pre-fed and conditioned with d-glucose, p = 0.997 in post hoc comparison between flies pre-fed and conditioned with l-glucose and flies pre-fed with l-glucose and conditioned with d-glucose). b Pre-feeding protocol used before the imaging experiment: flies were pre-fed or not with l-glucose for 1 min, 24 h before d-glucose stimulation under the microscope. c Time course response of PAM neurons. n = 10. Black bar: stimulus presentation. d Average response to l-glucose. Flies pre-fed with l-glucose displayed a significantly lower response to caloric d-glucose in comparison to non-pre-fed flies (t-test, t 18 = 3.264; p = 0.004; n = 10). Means are ± SEM; statistical tests: t-test and one-way ANOVA; NS: p ≥ 0.05; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 in comparison between two groups for t-test and in post hoc comparisons with both parental controls for ANOVA
