Fig. 1

APOs assembled into highly-ordered SW-PNTs. a APOs structures and the scheme showing the assembly of APOs into SW-PNTs. b TEM image of PNTs assembled from APO2 (scale bar, 500 nm); top right corner inset is the high-resolution TEM image showing the PNT wall thickness (scale bar, 10 nm); lower left corner inset is the statistical size distribution of PNT diameter (37.2 ± 2.7 nm) obtained by analyzing 50 PNTs. c Cryo-TEM image of APO2-PNTs (scale bar, 50 nm). d Ex situ AFM height image of APO2-PNTs showing their thickness of 6.6 nm under dry condition (scale bar, 600 nm). e In situ AFM height image of APO2-PNTs showing the thickness of 35.5 nm in water (scale bar, 500 nm). f XRD spectrum of APO2-PNTs. The values above each peak is calculated according to the formula of d = 2π/q. g A proposed model showing the molecular packing of APO2 within PNTs, in which the peptoid backbone to backbone distance is 4.6 Å along the x direction and is 1.67 nm along the y direction; APO hydrophobic domains were highlighted in pink and the polar domains were in blue; one APO2 molecule was highlighted with elements in various colors (nitrogen, blue; oxygen, red; carbon, gray; bromide, orange)