Fig. 3

TEM micrographs of untreated and treated E.coli. In a and b, TEM micrographs of untreated control cells (E. coli TOP10 with pBAD minus mcr-1, and E. coli TOP10 (mcr-1/pBAD) without l-arabinose induction, respectively); both cells are intact with a well-defined inner and outer membrane, and showed a highly homogeneous electron density in cytoplasm region (d and e). c TEM micrographs of mcr-1 overproducing cells; the damaging outer membrane and some completely lysed cells were observed (f)