Fig. 5

Shifts in instantaneous frequency predict alpha amplitude. a On a trial-by-trial and timepoint-by-timepoint basis, instantaneous frequency was used to generate predicted alpha amplitudes (PaA). PaA was baselined to the same interval used for alpha amplitude (−1000:−750 pre-target). Shaded areas indicate ± 1 SEM within subjects for correct (blue) and incorrect (red) trials. Reported results are averaged over the same groups of contralateral and Ipsilateral electrodes previously reported. b Correct—Incorrect differences are plotted for Contralateral and Ipsilateral electrodes. For illustration, topoplots indicate Correct—Incorrect topographies averaged over 100 ms bins centered on 400, 650, and 900 s after stimulus onset. All dots indicate significance from zero, evaluated by comparing the obtained t-value with a null distribution of t-values computed by shuffling the condition labels 10,000 times. This analysis was done on a timepoint-by-timepoint basis from stimulus onset to + 1000 ms, as indicated by the non-shaded areas (see Methods). Main effects of accuracy indicated in blue and yellow in contralateral and ipsilateral electrodes, red indicates a main effect of topography. Gray dots indicate significance after FDR correction at P < 0.05