Fig. 3

Photoconductivity and other characterizations of MAPbI₃ thin films. a Measured MIM signals of the PCE around 18% and b 15% samples (with respect to the values without light) as a function of the incident 532 nm-laser power. The raw data of a and b are shown in Supplementary Fig. 5. The error bars are estimated from the standard deviation of the raw MIM data. c Photoconductivity of both samples extracted from the experimental data vs. the laser intensity. The dash-dotted lines are linear fits for laser power below 100 mW cm⁻². d Optical absorptivity (upper panel) and IPCE (low panel) spectra of the perovskite thin films with 18% and 15% PCE. The optical gap of MAPbI₃ is indicated in the plots. e TRPL measurements of the two samples, from which the carrier lifetime can be extracted. The excitation power in the TRPL measurements is around 30 mW cm⁻², which is within the linear regime of the MIM data in c. f XRD measurements of the two samples, indicating a much higher crystallinity of the 18% PCE sample