Fig. 4

Structural characterization of polymers using 1H NMR. The 1H NMR spectra of (co)polymers synthesized in 1S (P1) and in DMF (R1-6 and polyS). With decreasing S unit in polymers prepared in DMF, peaks for the aromatic protons of the S unit (6.5–8.5 ppm) shifted to lower magnetic field because of the lower shielding effect around S in A-rich copolymers. Although the composition of S in P1 is larger than those of R3 and R4, peaks at 6.5–7.6 ppm were not observed, indicating that S units in P1 are solitary among the repeating A units