Fig. 4

Orthogonal control of swarming of MTs. a Schematic representation and fluorescence microscopy image of MTs with different rigidity. The flexible MTs (red) were conjugated with r-DNA1 and r-DNA2, while the rigid MTs (green) were conjugated with r-DNA5 and r-DNA6. b Upon inputting l-DNA1, the flexible MTs associated into circular shaped swarms through hybridization of r-DNA1 and r-DNA2 with l-DNA1 and appeared in red. c Green swarms with translational motion associated with rigid MTs were formed through hybridization of r-DNA5 and r-DNA6 with l-DNA5. d Swarms with translational and circular motions were simultaneously formed in response to the introduction of both input DNA signals. The concentration of red and green MTs was 0.6 µM each, and the conjugation ratio of each r-DNA to MTs was ~100%. The concentration of kinesin was 0.3 µM and that of each l-DNA was 0.6 µM. Scale bars: 20 µm