Table 1 Disruption of predicted RNA structures attenuates IAV

From: Nucleotide resolution mapping of influenza A virus nucleoprotein-RNA interactions reveals RNA features required for replication

Virus

NP-bound

MFE

Effect of mutations

Effects on virus

Focus size

Lung titer

Genome packaging

TCID 50: HA ratio

Segment packaging

NP22–68:A

--

−8.7

↓–ΔG

↓↓

↓↓

↓↓

NP22–68:B

--

−8.7

No effect

=

=

=

=

NP145–175

=

−8.0

↓–ΔG

=

=

=

=

NP456–490

=

−3.2

No effect

=

=

=

=

NP584–608

=

−0.0

No effect

=

=

=

=

NP1058–1081

=

−0.0

No effect

=

=

=

=

NP1410–1495

--

−19.8

Modified Pseudoknot

↓↓

↓↓

↓↓

↓↓

PB2350–375

=

−0.0

No effect

=

N.D.

=

=

PB21823–1944:A

--

−33.0

Modified Pseudoknot

↓↓

↓↓

=

PB21823–1944:B

--

−33.0

Modified Pseudoknot

N.D.

=

PB21823–1944:C

--

−33.0

Modified Pseudoknot

N.D.

=

=

PB22213–2239

=

−0.0

No effect

=

N.D.

=

=

PB1497–561:A

--

−12.9

↓–ΔG

↓↓

↓↓

PB1497–561:B

--

−12.9

No effect

=

N.D.

=

=

PB11828–1858

=

−3.8

No effect

=

N.D.

=

=

PB12032–2058

=

−2.2

No effect

=

N.D.

=

=

NS23–86:A

--

−10.0

Modified Pseudoknot

↓↓

↓↓

↓↓

NS23–86:B

--

−10.0

No effect

=

N.D.

=

=

  1. For NP-binding, the following categories were considered: --, significantly lower than WT-PR8; =, equal to WT-PR8; ++, greater than WT-PR8. The regional stability was determined in WT-PR8 and mutant virus using Vienna RNAfold. All calculations were performed using the default settings without imposing structural constraints. Pseudoknot formation potential was determined using vsFold5 and default settings. Results for focus area, lung titer, TCID50 ml−1:HA ratio, relative segment packaging are summarized from previous figures (=, equivalent to WT-PR8; ↓, P < 0.05; ↓↓, P < 0.01)
  2. MFE minimum free energy (expressed as ∆G), N.D. not determined