Fig. 5
The Gβγ dimer is a functional OsMADS1 cofactor in regulating grain size. a SFLC assays. nLUC-tagged either RGA1, RGB1, RGG1, RGG2, GS3, or OsGGC2 was co-transformed into tobacco leaves along with cLUC-targeted OsMADS1. b Grain size and shape. Scale bar: 5 mm. c Effect of the GS3–OsMADS1 interaction on OsMADS1-induced transactivation activity. The LUC/REN activity obtained from a co-transfection with an empty effector construct and indicated reporter constructs was set to be one. Data shown as mean ± s.e.m. (n = 6). Statistical analyses were performed by Duncan’s multiple range tests. d–l A field-based comparison of RD23-LGY3-gs3 and RD23-lgy3-gs3 plants: d Plant morphology. Scale bar: 20 cm; e Grain size and shape. Scale bar: 5 mm; f Plant height; g Heading date; h The number of tillers per plant; i The number of grains per panicle; j Grain length; k Grain width; and l The overall grain yield per plant. A Student’s t-test was used to generate the P values (f–i), and Duncan’s multiple range tests were performed to generate the P values (j–k). m–p A field trial of indica hybrid rice: m Grain size and shape. Scale bar: 5 mm; n Grain length; o 1,000-grain weight; and p The overall grain yield per plant. All phenotypic data were measured from the paddy-grown plants under normal cultivation conditions. Data shown as mean ± s.e.m. (n = 288). Student’s t-test was used to generate the P values. The presence of the same lowercase letter denotes a non-significant difference between means (P > 0.05)
