Table 1 Parameter estimates from final statistical models comparing tactic- and age class-specific demographic rates for female brown bears in south-central Sweden from 1993 to 2015

From: Hunting regulation favors slow life histories in a large carnivore

 

Coefficient

Lower 95% CI

Upper 95% CI

z-value

P-value

Survival

 Intercept

1.430

1.015

1.887

6.489

<0.0001

 2.5-year tactic

0.761

0.214

1.365

2.610

0.009

 Age class 2 y.oa

0.238

−0.434

0.934

0.685

0.494

 Age class 3 y.o.

0.932

0.099

1.887

2.071

0.038

 Age class 4–8 y.o.

2.124

1.219

3.230

4.229

<0.0001

 Age class 9+ y.o.

0.224

−0.335

0.769

0.798

0.425

 

Variables removedb:

 

Tactic*Age class (X2 = 7.920, P = 0.095)

Recruitment

 Intercept

−0.923

−1.154

−0.697

−7.924

<0.0001

 2.5-year tactic

−0.425

−0.860

−0.003

−1.948

0.051

 

Variables removed:

 

Tactic*Age class (X2 = 1.935, P = 0.164)

 

Age class (X2 = 0.969, P = 0.325)

  1. Parameters come from binomial and negative binomial models of survival probability and recruitment rate (i.e., the number of yearling daughters produced per female per year), respectively. Variables were removed if their inclusion did not improve model fit according to likelihood ratio tests. Results are presented on their transformed scale to show statistical significance
  2. ay.o. = years-old
  3. bthe star is used to represent interactions