Fig. 4 | Nature Communications

Fig. 4

From: Integrative proteomics in prostate cancer uncovers robustness against genomic and transcriptomic aberrations during disease progression

Fig. 4The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Proteomic analysis identifies novel pathways as regulated in PC and CRPC. a Venn diagram showing numbers of differentially regulated pathways according to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis in PC vs BPH and CRPC vs PC comparisons. Despite partial overlap, the different disease states have a significant number of pathways specifically regulated. b Differentially regulated pathways in a according to pathway types. Metabolism is the largest group in both comparisons, with roughly a similar number of pathways differentially regulated. Numbers of most of the other pathway types that are differentially regulated between the disease states vary. c–e Examples of signaling pathways found to be differentially regulated according to proteomics (protein) or transcriptomics (mRNA) data in PC vs BPH and CRPC vs PC comparisons. c Examples of signaling pathways groups identified as regulated according to proteomic data. Especially translation activating, growth promoting pathways are identified as regulated solely based on proteomic data. RXR-related pathways are identified better by proteomics than transcriptomics to be regulated in PC. Pathways related to cytoskeleton, migration, and invasion, as well as GTPase signaling pathways are identified to be regulated in PC solely by proteomics, although in CRPC they are better identified as regulated by transcriptomics. d Metabolic pathways differentially identified as regulated based on proteomic and transcriptomic data include pathways identified as regulated in both PC and CRPC solely based on proteomics (TCA cycle, mitochondrial dysfunction, ketogenesis, acetyl-CoA biosynthesis), and pathways that are equally identified by proteomics and transcriptomics, but are specific for PC (fatty acid oxidation, glycolysis) or CRPC (glycogen degradation, oxidative ethanol degradation). e While DNA repair pathways regulated in PC and CRPC were identified based on proteomics only, the regulated cell cycle pathways were altered in CRPC and identified based on either proteomic or transcriptomic data. The color key below panel c applies to panels c, d, and e

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