Table 4 Membrane performance with alternative draw solutions
From: Pharmaceutical concentration using organic solvent forward osmosis for solvent recovery
Solvent | Alternative draw solution | Osmotic pressure of draw solution (Bar) | Membrane orientation | Solvent flux (LMH) | Reverse solute flux (gMH) | Js/Jw |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ethanol | 2 M CA | 32.0 ± 4.6 | PRO | 2.85 ± 0.72 | 0.67 ± 0.02 | 0.24 ± 0.06 |
FO | 2.05 ± 0.30 | 0.53 ± 0.05 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | |||
100 g L-1 PEG1000 | 5.4 ± 0.2 | PRO | 1.23 ± 0.19 | 0.90 ± 0.08 | 0.73 ± 0.13 | |
FO | 0.89 ± 0.24 | 0.79 ± 0.09 | 0.88 ± 0.26 | |||
IPA | 2 M DEA | 4.2 ± 0.3 | PRO | 0.52 ± 0.05 | N.D. | N.A. |
FO | 0.32 ± 0.07 | N.D. | N.A. |
