Fig. 1

CD11c^hi B cells are expanded in SLE and correlate to SLEDAI and specific clinical manifestations. a–d % CD11c^hi B cells (of CD19⁺ cells) was determined as shown in a. b Distribution of %CD11c^hi B cells (of CD19⁺ cells) (healthy donors n = 147 (123 unique donors, 24 of which are repeats) or SLE patients n = 221 (112 unique donors, 109 of which are repeats), tonsil or spleen. Male donors labelled in red. c %CD11c^hi B cells (of CD19⁺cells) isolated from blood of healthy donors or SLE patients grouped by SLEDAI range. d %CD11c^hi B cells (of CD19⁺cells) from healthy donors was compared to SLE with different clinical manifestations. Patients with more than one manifestation were excluded (n = 10). b–d (Data are represented as mean ± SEM, non-parametric Mann–Whitney test, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001)