Fig. 2
From: Tuning defects in oxides at room temperature by lithium reduction

Defect characterization of pristine and lithium-reduced TiO2 nanoparticles. a, b XPS spectra. c EPR spectra. d, e High angle annular dark field (HAADF) images of pristine and 5% Li-treated TiO2. Scale bars, 5 nm