Fig. 1

Proteomic analysis of graphene dispersions exfoliated with different concentrations of proteins. a 1D SDS-PAGE analysis of graphene dispersions exfoliated with 10, 50, and 100% v/v HS. Proteins were silver-stained. The controls represent both HS subjected to the same procedure (ultrasonication and centrifugation, Ctrl HS), considered as a background, and the supernatant collected after three washing steps (W3 ctrl). The protein profile is not modified above a certain protein concentration (50% v/v). b Pie chart indicating the relative coverage of protein, as identified by mass spectrometry onto the graphene flakes (exfoliated with 10% v/v and 100% v/v of HS) and organized per protein function. A clear predominance of albumin, lipoproteins, and immunoglobulins can be noticed