Fig. 3
Perovskite film morphology, device structure, and photovoltaic performance. a Low magnification and b high magnification SEM images of bladed and doped MAPbI3 film prepared with MHP (0.225 wt%) and MACl (0.5 wt%) as additive, followed by co-solvents annealing treatment. c Schematic illustration of the HTL-free device configuration. d J–V characteristics, e Steady-state current and stabilized PCE measured at a maximum power point (0.93 V), f EQE and integrated current density, and g PCE histogram of PSCs based on MAPbI3:F4TCNQ films (with 0.03 wt% F4TCNQ)
