Fig. 5

Simulated atmospheric blocking and Arctic teleconnection. a Mean SLP pattern during the YD with a ridge extending from the Azores over the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. b Correlation of mean July surface temperatures with the Arctic Oscillation (AO) (EOF1 of SLP north of 25°N). c Changes in monthly mean SLP of YD minus BA showing a strengthening of the pressure ridge over the E-Atlantic. d Same as c but without changes in radiation (“cold-ocean only effect”). Lower pressure over the Arctic during YD (c) resembles a positive AO which is positively correlated with warming temperatures over Europe (b)