Fig. 2
From: The southern ocean meridional overturning in the sea-ice sector is driven by freshwater fluxes
Surface buoyancy fluxes in the sea-ice sector. Winter (a,c) and summer (b,d) surface buoyancy fluxes derived from an observation-based mixed-layer buoyancy budget, and decomposed into surface freshwater flux (a,b) and surface heat flux (c,d). Units are equivalent W m−2. The positive values indicate a buoyancy gain into the mixed layer, and the negative values indicate a buoyancy loss into the mixed layer
