Fig. 1
From: On-surface synthesis of a nitrogen-embedded buckybowl with inverse Stone–Thrower–Wales topology

Synthetic route to the nitrogen-embedded buckybowl 8. (Left panel) Solution-synthetic routes to precursor molecules 6a and 6b. (Right panel) Subsequent on-surface synthetic route to partially closed species 7a, 7b and the fully conjugated nitrogen-embedded buckybowl 8. Crucial rings formed in the final steps are marked in colors (via oxidative aromatic coupling—yellow, via on-surface cyclodehydrogenation—blue)