Fig. 4

GDH and CsiD support glutarate dependent growth and the competitive fitness assays. a Growth of P. putida KT2440 and its glutarate hydroxylation pathway deletion mutants on glutarate. b The consumption of glutarate of wild-type P. putida KT2440 and its glutarate hydroxylation pathway deletion mutants on glutarate. c Growth of P. putida KT2440 and its derivatives on solid MSM containing 5 g L⁻¹ glutarate as the sole carbon source after 36 h. 1. P. putida KT2440; 2. P. putida KT2440 (ΔcsiD); 3. P. putida KT2440 (ΔcsiDΔlhgO); 4. P. putida KT2440 (Δgdh); 5. P. putida KT2440 (ΔgdhΔcsiD). d The construction scheme for producing P. putida KT2440 strains marked with bphC. e A schematic diagram of a competitive fitness assay. f Relative fitness of the glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenation pathway and the glutarate hydroxylation pathway in glutarate media. Fitness values (W) depict the fitness of Competitor 1 relative to Competitor 2. W = 1.0 indicates no difference in fitness between the two competitors. Values greater than 1 indicate a higher fitness of the first competitor relative to the second. Data shown are mean ± s.d. (n = 5 independent experiments)