Table 1 Comparison of reaction conditions and yields of enzymatic butyl butyrate synthesis

From: Spatially confined lignin nanospheres for biocatalytic ester synthesis in aqueous media

Reaction systema

Enzymeb

Reaction

Ref.

Time (h)

Yield (%)

O (heptane)

Immob. Candida rugosa lipase

48

69

25

O (hexane)

C. cylindracea lipase (free or immob.)

91

87

14

O (heptane)

Immob. C. rugosa lipase

48

69

27

B (90%)

Immob. HiC

24

52

This work

B (50%)c

Immob. HiC

24

91

This work

B (50%)

Immob. Lipase M

96

77

This work

B (5%)

R. miehei lipase

6

100

13

Aq.

Immob. C. rugosa lipase

96

32d

47

  1. aO, organic anhydrous (solvent); B biphasic (% of water); Aq., aqueous
  2. bImmob., immobilized
  3. cFourfold enzyme dosing compared to that in the reaction in 90% water content
  4. dDetected after rigorous extraction that destroyed the biocatalyst