Fig. 5

ZIKV infection results in fetal brain pathology. a–f Hematoxylin and eosin staining of brain tissues in the lateral ventricle from GD50 fetus and GD64 neonate with GD-matched control sections showing a calcification with gliosis (arrow) in ZIKV brain but absent in b control brain, c loss of rests of neural precursors in ZIKV brain contrasted with d normal rests of neural precursors (parenthesis/arrow) in control, scale bars show 100 μm and e complete absence of ependymal cells (parenthesis) with mineralization (arrows) in ZIKV brain compared to f control that shows intact lining and no mineralization, scale bars show 20 μm; g, h, j–m Immunohistochemistry for neural stem cells staining nuclei with sox2 (brown color) in g ZIKV GD64 brain compared to h GD64 control brain; Images are deconvoluted to independently show hematoxylin and sox2 staining, and thresholds for determining positive labeling are shown with regions of interest (ROI) highlighted, showing reduced labeling of neural stem cells in ZIKV infection in the dentate gyrus, scale bars show 20 μm; and i quantification of significantly reduced (Graphpad Prism, unpaired t-tests) Sox2-positive nuclei (upper) and intensity of Sox2 staining (lower) in three ZIKV brains compared to GD-matched controls, long horizontal line shows mean and shorter lines show standard deviation; high magnification Sox2 labeling of j ZIKV GD64 brain compared to k GD64 control brain; and nestin (brown) staining of l ZIKV GD64 brain compared to m GD64 control brain, cortex; scale bars for j–m are all 20 μm. Brain sketches show regions imaged