Fig. 6

Application on hydration structure of calcite with 3D-AFM. a First-order bootstrapping manifold colored by clustering labels, that is, the manifold derived from the reconstructed graph based on LargeVis manifold and b the spatial mapping of the corresponding labels. c, d Comparison of manifold patterns (first- and second-order bootstrapping) colored by the same set of clustering labels where hierarchical clustering was performed on the second-order bootstrapping manifold. Second-order bootstrapping manifold is derived from the reconstructed graph based on the first-order manifold. e Atomic structure of the calcite (10.4) surface unit cell, reproduced from Ref.⁶⁹. (Copyright [2018], APS). f Surface positions and g excitation frequency shift profiles of second-order bootstrapping clusters