Table 1 Deep sequencing analysis of targeted gene editing versus off-target effects in bone marrow cells 15 weeks after a single in utero γtcPNA/DNA nanoparticle (NP) treatment

From: In utero nanoparticle delivery for site-specific genome editing

Gene locus

Sequences of partial homology (5′ to 3′)

Size of region sequenced

Amplicons sequenced

Number modified

Frequency (%)

β-globin

TGCCCTGAAAGAAAGAGA

128

7230901

448040

6.2

Vascular cell adhesion protein precursor 1

AGCCCTGAAAGAAAGAGA

111

6280254

0

0

Polypyrimidine tract binding protein

GAACCTGAAAGAAAGAGA

101

4452674

0

0

Protocadherin fat 4 precursor

CACCCTGAAAGAAAGAAG

115

5742183

0

0

Olfactory receptor 266

AAGCCTGAAAGAAAGATT

172

6148312

0

0

Syntaxin-binding protein

AGAAATGAAAGAAAGAGA

150

6660839

0

0

Muscleblind-like protein

GGTGGTGAAAGAAAGAGA

165

5553180

0

0

Ceruloplasmin isoform

AGGACTGAAAGAAAGAGT

154

6197021

0

0

Total off-target

  

41034463

0

<0.000002

  1. The top seven gene loci in the mouse genome with partial homology to the 18 bp γPNA target site in β-globin intron 2 were previously identified6, with the sequences as indicated. Genomic DNA from total bone marrow cells 15 weeks post NP treatment was subject to deep sequencing analysis at these loci of partial homology as well as the target locus. The size of the region sequenced around each site, the total number of amplicons sequenced and the number of amplicons with modified sequences are listed