Fig. 7

In vivo hemostatic capacity evaluation of the cryogels. Blood loss (a) and hemostatic time (b) in the mouse liver injury model. The blank group showed the highest blood loss of 492 mg than the other groups (P < 0.001). Gauze and gelatin sponge, as two control groups, presented much decreased blood loss of about 163 mg and 123 mg, respectively, when compared to blank group (P < 0.001). However, all the four cryogels except for QCSG/CNT6 showed significantly decreased blood loss of 57 mg, 38 mg, and 27 mg than those of gauze and the cryogel QCSG/CNT2 and cryogel QCSG/CNT4 also showed significantly decreased blood loss than that of gelatin sponge (P < 0.05). c Scheme representation of the mouse liver injury model during hemostasis. Blood loss (d) and hemostatic time (e) in the mouse-tail amputation model. The blank group (337 s) showed the longest hemostatic time than other groups (P < 0.001). All the four cryogels showed shorter hemostatic times than gauze group (176 s) (P < 0.01), while all the four cryogels except for QCSG/CNT0 showed shorter hemostatic times than gelatin sponge group (167 s) (P < 0.05). f Scheme representation of the mouse-tail amputation model during hemostasis; Blood loss (g) and hemostatic time (h) in the rabbit liver defect lethal noncompressible hemorrhage model. i Scheme representation of the rabbit liver defect lethal noncompressible hemorrhage model during hemostasis. j Scheme representation of the hemostatic application of injectable shape memory cryogel hemostatic in a deep and irregularly shaped wound model. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 using Student's t-test (two-sided). The error bars stand for s.e.m. (n = 10 for Fig. 7a, b, d, e; n = 5 for Fig. 7g, h)