Table 1 Summary of simulations conducted in this study
From: Global and Arctic climate sensitivity enhanced by changes in North Pacific heat flux
Simulation name | Q-flux modification (global-equivalent W/m2) | Topography modification | Global surface temperature (K) | Δ Global surface temperature (K) | Δ Arctic surface temperature (K) | Δ Arctic sea-ice fraction (%) | Δ Arctic low-cloud fraction (%) | Δ Arctic moisture convergence (%) | Arctic amplification factor | Climate feedback parameter α (W/m2K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Preindustrial Control | — | — | 286.56 ± 0.02 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
NP-Warm | North Pacific +1 | — | 287.51 ± 0.02 | 0.95 ± 0.03 | 3.08 ± 0.20 | −7.36 ± 0.54 | 12.4 ± 0.89 | 18.23 ± 2.47 | 3.25 | 1.05 |
NEP-Warm | Northeast Pacific +1 | — | 287.47 ± 0.05 | 0.91 ± 0.24 | 2.55 ± 0.68 | −5.81 ± 1.51 | 9.99 ± 2.70 | 17.1 ± 6.25 | 2.80 | 1.10 |
NA-Warm | North Atlantic +1 | — | 287.35 ± 0.02 | 0.79 ± 0.02 | 2.12 ± 0.20 | −4.98 ± 0.56 | 9.5 ± 0.87 | 15.14 ± 2.53 | 2.68 | 1.27 |
NP-Warm/NA-Cool | North Pacific +1 North Atlantic −1 | — | 286.53 ± 0.02 | −0.030 ± 0.03 | 0.34 ± 0.22 | −0.31 ± 0.56 | −0.33 ± 0.93 | −0.05 ± 2.26 | — | — |
NP-Cool/NA-Warm | North Pacific −1 North Atlantic +1 | — | 286.18 ± 0.03 | −0.39 ± 0.03 | −1.88 ± 0.14 | 4.07 ± 0.21 | 4.80 ± 0.29 | −4.84 ± 2.28 | — | — |
NP-Cool | North Pacific −1 | — | 284.93 ± 0.02 | −1.63 ± 0.02 | −5.56 ± 0.15 | 9.96 ± 0.21 | −17.35 ± 0.29 | −24.69 ± 1.57 | 3.41 | 0.61 |
NA-Cool | North Atlantic −1 | — | 285.45 ± 0.02 | −1.11 ± 0.02 | −3.29 ± 0.14 | 6.18 ± 0.22 | −11.65 ± 0.29 | −18.03 ± 1.62 | 2.96 | 0.90 |
Control Notopo | — | Global land topography = 0 | 286.94 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
NP-Warm-Notopo | North Pacific +1 | Global land topography = 0 | 287.97 | 1.03 | 3.23 | −7.33 | — | 18.60 | 3.14 | 0.97 |
NA-Warm-Notopo | North Atlantic +1 | Global land topography = 0 | 287.81 | 0.87 | 2.43 | −4.90 | — | 16.36 | 2.79 | 1.15 |
