Fig. 3

fMRI results of the in-lab study. a and b Significant clusters of activation within a priori regions of interest (ROIs) during human-relative-to-object approach, showing sleep-deprivation-related increases in activity in regions of the Near Space network (red), yet sleep-loss-related decreases in activity in regions of the Theory-of-Mind network (blue; all P < 0.05, FDR corrected). c Increased reactivity (human > object approach) within the Near Space network was positively associated with greater social distance separation following sleep deprivation. This relationship was not significant for activity in regions of the Theory-of-Mind network. **P < 0.005; error bars reflect standard error of the mean; gray lines reflect zero crossings. DIPS—dorsal intra-parietal sulcus, vPM—ventral premotor region, TPJ—temporal–parietal junction, SD—sleep deprivation, SR—sleep rested