Fig. 3
Schematic of possible macronutrient upwelling scenarios for idealized marine-terminating glacier systems. a Deeply grounded glaciers result in plumes that lose buoyancy through entrainment and equilibrate below the photic zone. b Glaciers grounded within the optimum zone for nutrient upwelling facilitate equilibration of a macronutrient-rich plume in the photic zone. c Plumes emerging from shallow glaciers equilibrate in the photic zone; however, they are unable to entrain deep, nutrient-rich seawater. d Runoff from land-terminating glaciers contain insufficient NO3 to drive enhanced productivity
