Fig. 5

SR-SAXS examinations on interfacial structures of GNR arrays. a A typical 2D SR-SAXS pattern. b 1D SR-SAXS scattering data and fitting lines of GNR sols and interfacial GNR arrays, respectively, plotted as SR-SAXS intensity (I) vs. scattering vector modulus (q). c Transformed SR-SAXS curves in b, plotted as q⁴×I vs. q. d Calculated average scattering size (M) and center-to-center distance (ETA) of GNRs from different samples: 1, as-synthesized GNR sols of 3.0 OD; 2–4, interfacial arrays fabricated by GNR sols with varied OD values: 3.0, 6.0, and 9.0, respectively