Fig. 1

Yield and yield stability comparing organic and conventional agriculture. a Mean yield ratio. b Absolute stability ratio. c Relative stability ratio for organic (OA) vs. conventional (CA) agriculture for all crops (Overall) and for crops, for which at least 10 observations were available. Numbers in parentheses denote the number of observations and studies. A ratio of 1 means that there is no difference between organic and conventional managed systems while values <1 indicate higher yield for conventional agriculture. For both stability measures a ratio >1 indicate greater absolute and relative stability for conventional agriculture. Values are mean effect sizes with 95% confidential intervals. Mean yield or stability were deemed significantly different between organic and conventional agriculture if the 95% confidential intervals of the ratios did not overlap one