Fig. 1

Formation of the stripe pattern and dislocation. a, b Schematic of the synthesis process (a) of the bulk manganese oxides (BM), polyhedron manganese oxide (PM), and silver manganate nanoplate (SMNp), and the summary of the catalytic effects (b) of the SMNp. c–e Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) images of the BM (c), PM (d), and SMNp (e) showing plate-like structures with silver nanoparticles. f, g High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images of the SMNp (f) and high-magnified image (g) of the box in f, which shows zigzag atomic arrangements with intragranular cracking. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) image of g presents the lattice planes of (–100) and (001) along the [010] zone, indicating the orthorhombic structure of Ag₂MnO₄. h, i Inverse FFT images of applied masks at the blue circle (h) and red circle (i) in g, showing a wide range of dislocations with defects. The dislocations are shown by circles and edge dislocations are represented by a T-shaped symbol. The upper right insets in h and i indicate the applied masks and the lattice spacing of the (101) plane is denoted as the left inset in h. Scale bars, 5 μm (c), 500 nm (d), 200 nm (e), 100 nm (f), 4 nm (g), and 1 nm (h, i)