Table 1 Analytical biotransformation of glycine and aldehydes to α-hydroxy acids by cascade catalysis

^a Reactions were performed in duplicate with resting cells of E. coli (OA15 or OA23) (10 g dcw l⁻¹) and 1a–i (10 mM) in 2 ml KP buffer (50 mM, pH 8.0, 100 µM PLP, 1 mM NAD⁺, and 10% DMSO) at 200 rpm and 25 °C for 36 h
^b The conversion and yields were obtained after completion of the reactions and determined by HPLC analysis. The values are averages of two experiments
^c Enantiomeric excess (e.e.) was determined by chiral HPLC analysis (Supplementary Figs 8-15). The values are averages of two experiments

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