Fig. 1 | Nature Communications

Fig. 1

From: Water printing of ferroelectric polarization

Fig. 1

Aqueous-solution-induced reversal of ferroelectric polarization. Schematics of BiFeO3 (BFO) grown on a SrTiO3 (STO) substrate with a (La,Sr)MnO3 (LSMO) layer, switching from downward/upward to upward/downward after exposing the films to Milli-Q water (a) and acidic solution (c). The arrows in the schematics represent the out-of-plane component of the polarization. The initial bipolar structure in the left panel of a and c was generated by scanning the surface with a tip under +5 V and -5 V, respectively. b, d The corresponding piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) images showing the polarization switching from downward/upward to upward/downward. Scale bar, 2 μm (b, d)

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