Fig. 4 | Nature Communications

Fig. 4

From: Water printing of ferroelectric polarization

Fig. 4

Chemical-bonding-induced switching of ferroelectric polarization. BFO polarizations are switched from upward/downward to downward/upward with adsorbed of four H (a) and two OH (b), respectively. BFO surface Fe and O atomic displacements along z-axis with four H (c) and two OH (d) adsorption by density function theory. Scanning transmission electron microscopy images of initial BFO thin film (e) after contact with acidic-solution (f) and Milli-Q water (g). The arrows in a, b, and e represent the out-of-plane component of the polarization. Scale bar, 2 nm (e). h, i Phase-field simulations of bulk polarization switching processes based on the emerging surface charge

Back to article page