Fig. 6

SPARTA on-line dynamic reaction monitoring. a Schematic overview of the functionalisation of PS nanoparticles with an alkyne moiety via EDC-NHS coupling with propargyl amine and subsequent CuAAC reaction with azido acetic acid to form the triazole product. b Offset averaged Raman spectra of trapped PS particles with carboxylic acid functionalisation (black, n = 100) and after alkyne functionalisation (blue, n = 100). Inset showing a close-up of the alkyne peak region, with a clear alkyne peak visible after functionalisation with a maximum at 2129 cm⁻¹. c Dynamic trace over time of the alkyne peak intensity (blue spheres, 2129 cm⁻¹), azide peak intensity (red squares, 2116 cm⁻¹) and triazole product (yellow triangles, 1331 cm⁻¹) for single particle trapped population dynamics and d single particle dynamics