Fig. 2
From: Relativistic and resonant effects in the ionization of heavy atoms by ultra-intense hard X-rays
Peak structure in the Xe charge state distributions. a Experimental and calculated Xe charge state distributions at 5.5 keV. The calculations were carried out with and without consideration of relativistic effects and resonances. The sum of all charge states is normalized to one. The statistical uncertainties for both theory and experiment are smaller than 1% except for the experimental data starting at +40, which have a maximum uncertainty of 3% for the highest charge state, +42. The error bars are, however, smaller than the size of the symbols. b Calculated total photoabsorption cross-section of the ground state Xe ion at 5.5 keV and 1% bandwidth with and without relativistic effects and resonances. c Binding energy of the ground-state Xe orbitals including relativistic effects drawn as green, orange, purple, dark blue, and dark red lines for the n = 3 to n = 7 orbitals. Higher orbitals are drawn in gray. The red, blue, and pale blue lines are offset from the 2s, 2p1/2, and 2p3/2 orbital energies by the 5.5-keV photon energy, respectively. The positions where these lines cross the n = 4 levels (orange lines) mark the positions of resonances and are indicated by dashed lines across all three panels
