Fig. 4
From: Relativistic and resonant effects in the ionization of heavy atoms by ultra-intense hard X-rays
Fluence dependence of the multiple ionization. a Calculated Xe charge state distribution at 5.5 keV as a function of photon fluence; b calculated final mean charges of Xe at three photon energies. Calculations are done with both resonance and relativistic effects. The pulse duration is 30 fs (FWHM), and no focal volume averaging is applied. The arrows indicate the peak fluences used in experiment
