Fig. 5

Zero shear rate viscosity values as a function of callose concentration and temperature in the mixtures of ionic liquid solution. a shows the Ln of the viscosity (\(\eta\)) at the different callose percentage and within the temperature range 30-60 °C. A linear fitting (mixing rule) is presented in discontinuous lines in brown for 30 °C, blue for 40 °C, orange for 50 °C and green for 60 °C. The graph in b shows changes in the viscosity values as a function of temperature at the different callose concentrations (%). The discontinuous pink line in b shows the theoretical values predicted for the 50% composition as calculated using the ideal mixing rule. Box plots represent the first (25%) and third (75%) quartiles, the central horizontal line is the mean, and outliers at the 1% and 99% level are indicated by the whiskers. Individual data points for four-five independent replicas are shown, with between 20 and 40 repeat measurements for each concentration/temperature combination. Every individual data point is plotted at 80% transparency