Fig. 3
Change in seedling diversity with pesticide treatments at increasing distances from the forest edge. Diversity was estimated for: a 0–5 m (E0), b 20–30 m (E1), c 50–60 m (E2), and d E3 (90–100 m) from the forest edge. Points represent mean observed diversity of new seedlings recruiting into 1 m2 plots where the different pesticide treatments were applied (N = 146 per treatment). Error bars show 95% confidence intervals. Statistical differences were estimated using linear mixed-effects models, letters denote significant pairwise differences among edge-treatment combinations within each distance category
