Fig. 10
From: A diagnosis of the plasma waves responsible for the explosive energy release of substorm onset

Solutions of the warm plasma dispersion relation with varying parameters to assess the sensitivity of the solutions. The sensitivity is assessed based on varying each parameter by ± 50%. a k||, n, Te and Ti are all kept constant and \(|{B}|\) is varied from 12 nT (dashed line) to 36 nT (dot-dash line). Varying the magnetic field strength does not impact the solution strongly. b k||, B, Te and Ti are all kept constant and n is varied from 7.5 × 106 m−3 (dashed line) to 2.25 × 107 m−3 (dot-dash line). c k||, B, n, and Ti are kept constant and Te is varied from 1.0 keV (dashed line) to 3.0 keV (dot-dash line). d k||, B, n, and Te are kept constant and Ti is varied from 1.5  keV (dashed line) to 4.5 keV (dot-dash line)