Fig. 1

Four days of an obesogenic diet is sufficient to induce glucose intolerance and increase adiposity in mice. a–d Mice were fed a chow, 45% HFD, or 60% HFD for 1 day (a: N = 8, 7, 8), 4 days (b: N = 10, 9, 9), 14 days (c: N = 15, 13, 14), or 14 weeks (d: N = 7, 6, 6) then tested for glucose tolerance with a 2 g per kg (a–c) or 0.9 g per kg (d) glucose dose by i.p. injection. Blood glucose measures were taken at indicated time points, which are shown in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) curve and used to calculate the area under the curve (AUC). Statistical significance was measured as p < 0.05 using one-way ANOVA. Post hoc analysis was performed using Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; #p < 0.001; ##p < .0001). Change in body weight (e) and change in % body fat (f) were calculated as the difference between Day 0 and subsequent days within each animal. Body weight and adiposity (% body fat) were measured in mice fed a chow, 45% HFD, or 60% HFD for 7 days (N = 9, 9, 10). Statistical significance was measured as p < 0.05 using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures (time). Post Hoc analysis was performed using Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; #p < 0.001; ##p < .0001). g Food consumption (N = 5 cages per group) was measured daily and expressed per mouse. Statistical significance was measured as p < 0.05 using one-way ANOVA for each time point. Post hoc analysis was performed using Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (*p < 0.05). All values are mean ± SEM