Fig. 2

Gut microbiota analysis upon FMT treatment in colitic mice. a Microbiome clustering based on unweighted Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCA) UniFrac metrics of fecal gut microbiota derived from DSS treated (blue dots), DSS + FMT-treated (orange dots) and untreated (red dots) mice. b Relative abundance of the top 10 most abundant OTUs in DSS (blue) and DSS + FMT (red) treated mice. c Rarefaction curves showing microbial richness based on the Chao1 index (bottom panel) and microbial richness and evenness on the Shannon index (upper panel). Green lines, untreated, blue lines, DSS treated; red lines, DSS + FMT-treated samples. d Bar plots of the taxonomic composition showing relative abundances > 1% of bacterial phyla (d, left panel) and families (d, right panel). e Pie charts showing the relative abundance of the less abundant families belonging to the Firmicutes phylum. f Comparison of the relative abundances of different taxa between DSS (blue) and DSS + FMT (red) treated mice. Statistical significant difference was assessed through One-way ANOVA with LSD post-hoc test *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. g, h Partial Least square-discrimination analysis (PLSD-DA, g) and volcano plot (h) on metabolomics data (g, right panel) and heat map of metabolites that have contributed most to class separation (g, left panel) of faecal samples of untreated, DSS and DSS + FMT-treated mice. Statistical significant difference was assessed through Mann–Whitney. In (a–f) UT n = 6, DSS n = 8, DSS + FMT n = 6. In (g, h) UT n = 6, DSS n = 11, DSS + FMT n = 13