Fig. 1

Cardiac-specific deletion of PRMT1 causes early lethality with dilated cardiomyopathy. a Survival rate of PRMT1^f/f (f/f, n = 40), PRMT1^f/cKO (Het, n = 31), PRMT1^cKO (cKO, n = 34) mice. b The relative heart mass to body weight of f/f (n = 8) and cKO (n = 8) mice. Data represent means ± SD. ^***P < 0.001, Student’s t-test. c A photograph of hearts from 8-weeks-old f/f and cKO mouse. d The histological analysis of hearts from part c by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Lower panel: a high magnification of ventricular cardiomyocytes. Scale bar: 2 mm (upper panel), 100 μm (lower panel). e Quantification of cross sectional area (CSA) of ventricular cardiomyocytes shown in d. Data represent means ± SEM. ^*P < 0.05, Student’s t-test. n = 115–143 cells per group. f Sirius red staining of f/f and cKO. Scale bar: 100 μm. g The relative fibrotic area in whole heart sections as shown in f. Data represent means ± SEM. ^***P < 0.001, Student’s t-test. Mean values of all fields of hearts. n = 3. h Immunoblot analysis of 6–7-weeks-old f/f and cKO hearts for cardiac hypertrophic and fibrotic markers. α-SMA α-smooth muscle actin. i The relative signal intensity of proteins shown in h. Data represent means ± SD. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001, Student’s t-test. j The representative confocal microscopic image of TUNEL-positive nuclei (Red) in f/f and cKO hearts. Scale bar: 200 μm. k Quantification of apoptotic cells in atria and ventricle. Data represent means ± SD. ^**P < 0.01, Student’s t-test. n = 8500–9305 cells from hearts per group. l Immunoblotting for PRMT1 in heart lysates from non-failing (NF) or heart failure (HF) human patients. m Quantification of PRMT1 protein levels in l (n = 7). Data represent means ± SD. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001, Student’s t-test