Table 3 Variance components analysis for individual domains of the INTERGROWTH-21st Neurodevelopment Assessment Package showing variance between study sites as % of the total variance

From: Neurodevelopmental milestones and associated behaviours are similar among healthy children across diverse geographical locations

Neurodevelopment domain

Model with age and sex (n = 1307)

Model with age, sex and fetal HC (n = 1302)

Model with age, sex, HC and length at 2 years (n = 1283)

Cognitive score (%)a

1.3

1.2

1.2

Executive function-like (%)a

3.4

3.3

3.3

Attentional problems score (%)b

5.4

5.8

4.1

Visual acuity (%)a

8.0

6.9

7.4

Visual contrast sensitivity (%)a

7.3

7.3

6.9

Fine motor score (%)a

6.0

6.0

6.2

Gross motor score (%)b,c

6.5

7.2

6.7

Receptive language score (%)b,c

1.9

1.4

1.9

Expressive language score (%)b,c

7.3

7.0

7.3

Positive behaviour score (%)c

8.5

8.2

8.7

Negative behaviour score (%)c

14.1

13.6

13.7

Total behaviour score (%)c

9.2

9.2

9.9

Emotional reactivity score (%)b

14.2

15.3

14.0

Positive affect score (%)b

2.5

2.7

2.7

Age when first stood alone (%)b

5.6

5.3

6.5

Age when first walked alone (%)b

6.9

6.9

7.6

  1. Variance components estimated by nonparametric generalised linear mixed models including covariates as fixed effects and study site as random effect
  2. Age age at assessment, fetal HC ultrasound head circumference z-score from 26 to 34 weeks’ gestation compared to the INTERGROWTH-21st Fetal Growth Standards2; Head circumference and length z-scores at 2 years compared to the WHO Child Growth Standards8
  3. aDirect administration
  4. bCaregiver report
  5. cConcurrent observation
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